What Is an Escrow Account?
Many mortgage lenders require an escrow account, collecting a portion of your annual property tax and homeowners insurance costs with each monthly mortgage payment, then paying these bills on your behalf when they come due.
Monthly Escrow = (Annual Property Tax + Annual Insurance) ÷ 12 + Monthly PMI (if applicable)
Why Lenders Require Escrow
Escrow protects the lender's investment by ensuring property taxes and insurance stay current — an unpaid tax bill could result in a lien on the property, and lapsed insurance leaves the home (and the lender's collateral) unprotected.
Your Total Monthly Payment
Your escrow payment is added to your principal and interest payment to form your total monthly mortgage payment, often called PITI (Principal, Interest, Taxes, Insurance).
Escrow Adjustments
Lenders periodically review your escrow account and adjust your payment if actual tax or insurance costs have changed from their estimate — this is why your monthly payment can increase even with a fixed-rate mortgage.