The Rothfusz Regression Formula
The heat index uses a complex regression equation (the Rothfusz regression, adopted by the National Weather Service) combining temperature and relative humidity to estimate the perceived temperature — this formula is most accurate at temperatures of 80°F and above.
Why Humidity Makes Heat Feel Worse
Your body cools itself primarily through sweat evaporation. High humidity slows this evaporation, reducing your body's ability to cool itself — meaning humid heat feels significantly hotter and is more physically taxing than dry heat at the same actual temperature.
Heat Index Danger Categories
- 80-90°F: Caution — fatigue possible with prolonged exposure
- 90-103°F: Extreme caution — heat cramps/exhaustion possible
- 103-124°F: Danger — heat exhaustion likely, heat stroke possible
- 125°F+: Extreme danger — heat stroke highly likely
These are general NWS reference categories — individual heat tolerance varies based on health, age, activity level, and acclimatization.