The Loan Payment Formula
Monthly loan payments are calculated using the standard amortization formula:
M = P × [r(1+r)ⁿ] ÷ [(1+r)ⁿ − 1]
Where M is the monthly payment, P is the loan principal, r is the monthly interest rate (annual rate ÷ 12), and n is the total number of monthly payments (years × 12).
Why This Formula Works
This formula ensures that each fixed monthly payment covers that month's interest charge plus a portion of the principal, structured so the loan balance reaches exactly zero at the end of the term — a process called amortization. In the early years of a loan, a larger share of each payment goes toward interest; over time, more goes toward principal.
Personal Loan Rates Vary Widely
Unlike mortgages and auto loans, which are secured against an asset, most personal loans are unsecured — meaning your interest rate depends heavily on your credit score, income, and the lender's own criteria. Rates can range from single digits for excellent credit to 30%+ APR for lower credit profiles.
Factors That Affect Your Payment
- Interest rate: Even a small rate difference compounds significantly over a long loan term
- Loan term: A longer term lowers your monthly payment but increases total interest paid over the life of the loan
- Loan amount: Directly proportional to your payment — a larger loan means a larger payment at the same rate and term